Difference between ICC and ICTY and ICTR

Difference between ICC and ICTY and ICTR.

Comparison between ICC and ICTY and ICTR.

Compare and contrast between ICC and ICTY and ICTR.

 

The International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. The ICC has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore only exercise its jurisdiction when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer investigations to the Court.

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, more commonly referred to as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or ICTY, is a body of the United Nations established to prosecute serious crimes committed during the Yugoslav Wars, and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal is an ad hoc court which is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to judge people responsible for the Rwandan Genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994.

Difference Between ICC and ICTY and ICTR

The difference between ICJ and ICC are as below

Established

ICC: 1 July 2002

ICTY: 25 May1993

ICTR:  Nov1994

Subject Matter

ICC: Trial criminal offenses i.e.  genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes of aggression

ICTY: Trial Criminal Offence i.e. grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, violations of the laws or customs of war, genocide, and crimes against humanity

ICTR: Trial criminal offenses i.e.  genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes

Jurisdiction

ICC: Individuals either ratified member of ICC or accept the jurisdiction of ICC

ICTY: Individuals responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law in former Yugoslavia

ICTR: Individual responsible for the Rwandan Genocide and other serious violations of international law  

Authorized Statute

ICC: Follow Rome Statute

ICTY: Resolution 827 of the United Nations Security Council

ICTR: Resolution 955 of the United Nations Security Council

Structure

ICC: ICC Structure (i) Assembly of state parties (ii) Presidency (iii) Judicial Division (iv) Office of the Prosecution  (v) Registry

ICTY: ICTY Structure (i) Prosecutors (ii) Chambers (iii) Registry (iv)Detention facilities

ICTR: ICTR Structure( i)Chambers (ii) Office of the Prosecutor (iii) The Registry

Composition of Court

ICC: Composed of eighteen judges elected to nine year terms and not  re-elected for further terms

ICTY: Composed of seven judges elected to four year terms and re-elected for further terms

ICTR: Composed of sixteen judges

Chambers

ICC: Organized into three chambers—i) Pre-Trial Chamber, ii) Trial Chamber, iii) Appeals Chamber

ICTY: three Trial Chambers and one Appeals Chamber

ICTR: three Trial Chambers and one Appeals Chamber

Independent

ICC: Independent  organisation

ICTY: UN

ICTR: UN

 

Adhoc Judge

ICC: No such provision institure by ICC

ICTY: The state party can send adhoc judge

ICTR: No such provision institure by ICTR

Appeal

ICC: Appeal is instituted by appeal chamber

ICTY: Appeal is instituted by appeal chamber

ICTR: Appeal is instituted by appeal chamber